Morrow, R., Burgess, C., & Lund, K. (1998). Verbal Intelligence: Vocabulary Level and the Relationship Between Word Difficulty and Neighborhood Density. Paper presented at the 28th annual SCiP conference, Dallas.

The Hyperspace Analog to Language (HAL) and atent Semantic Analysis (LSA) models were tested on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test to determine their vocabulary level. In a subsequent experiment, human ratings of word-difficulty was compared with HAL's representational densities within semantic neighborhoods. Both experiments demonstrate that the context distance metric similarly predicts human behavior in both models.